Here is the second homework assignment. Hard copies will be provided in class.
Chapter 4 True/False Questions
______ 1. The three main parts of the neuron are the axon, cell body, and dendrites.
______ 2. The main function of glial cells is to speed up the transmission of neural impulses.
______ 3. The two ways in which neurotransmitters are deactivated in the synapse are chemical breakdown and reuptake.
______ 4. The job of the sensory neurons is to transmit neural impulses from the sense organs to the brain.
______ 5. The two divisions of the sympathetic nervous system are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
______ 6. PET scans are used to study brain activity, whereas CT scans are utilized to examine brain structures.
______ 7. The medulla plays an important role in the coordination of muscular movement and also in learning and memory.
______ 8. The job of the thalamus is to organize sensory input and route it to the appropriate brain areas.
______ 9. Wernicke's area is primarily concerned with speech production, whereas Broca's area is related to speech comprehension.
______ 10. Lateralization refers to the way in which a brain function can be more localized in one brain hemisphere or the other.
______ 11. The endocrine system uses hormones as its primary method of communication.
Chapter 4 Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer for each question. Write answers on the answer sheet provided. Choose only one answer per question.
______ 12. Neurons:
A. Generate electricity that creates nerve impulses
B. Release chemical signals to neighboring neurons
C. Are the basic building blocks of the nervous system
D. All of these
______ 13. The dendrite's function is to:
A. Receive information from the cell body and send chemical messages to neighboring neurons
B. Conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands
C. Receive incoming chemical messages from neighboring neurons and send them to the cell body
D. Combine and process incoming information
______ 14. Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?
A. Glial cells surround neurons and hold them in place
B. Glial cells manufacture nutrient chemicals that neurons need
C. Glial cells send and receive nerve impulses
D. Glial cells provide sanitizing functions, absorbing toxins and waste materials
______ 15. Myelin's influence on nerve impulses is to:
A. Speed up neural conduction
B. Slow down neural conduction
C. Provide support for neural conduction
D. Have no effect on neural conduction
______ 16. Black widow spider venom acts as a(n) _____________ for acetylcholine (ACh) and results in violent muscle contractions, convulsions and possible death.
A. Deactivator B. Agonist C. Antagonist D. Neuromodulators
______ 17. Alcohol is a(n):
A. Depressant with both agonist and antagonist effects
B. Stimulant that increases the activity of neurons
C. Antagonist of GABA
D. Agonist of glutamate
______ 18. If you are walking down a dark hallway and your friend jumps out to startle you, which division of the autonomic nervous system will be activated?
A. The somatic nervous system
B. The peripheral nervous system
C. The parasympathetic nervous system
D. The sympathetic nervous system
______ 19. Which of the following enables researchers to observe "real-time" brain activity?
A. An MRI B. A CAT scan C. A PET scan D. An fMRI
______ 20. Police officers try to determine if a driver is drunk by giving him/her tests of coordination. That is because alcohol disrupts _____________ function.
A. Reticular formation B. Pons C. Cerebellum D. Medulla
______ 21. Multiple sclerosis, a progressive disease that results in jerky and uncoordinated movements and eventual paralysis, is caused by:
A. Excessive amounts of myelin on neurons
B. An absence of the nodes of Ranvier
C. Damage to the myelin sheath
D. The myelin covering not only the axon but also the axon terminals
______ 22. The ___________ plays a major role in emotional and motivational behaviors, including sexual behavior, temperature regulation, sleeping, eating, drinking and fighting or fleeing.
A. Thalamus B. Limbic system C. Hypothalamus D. Hippocampus
______ 23. The amygdala organizes emotional and motivational behaviors, especially those linked to:
A. Thought and reason
B. Euphoria and humor
C. Sadness and depression
D. Aggression and fear
______ 24. Which part of the cerebral cortex controls 600 or more muscles involved in voluntary movements?
A. Association cortex B. Somatic sensory cortex C. Parietal lobe D. Motor cortex
______ 25. Damage to the Wernicke's area, located in the _________ lobe, would leave an individual ______________________.
A. Frontal; unable to comprehend written or spoken speech
B. Temporal; unable to produce written or spoken speech
C. Temporal; unable to comprehend written or spoken speech
D. Frontal; unable to produce written or spoken speech
______ 26. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for:
A. Executive functions such as goal setting, judgment, strategic planning and impulse control
B. Important mental functions such as perception, language and thought
C. Motivational and emotional behaviors such as temperature regulation, sexual behaviors, fighting and fleeing
D. Vital functions such as eating, drinking, sleeping, heart rate and respiration
______ 27. The role of the corpus callosum is to:
A. Allow nerve impulses to travel from one hemisphere to the other
B. Allow hemispheres to process sensory information twice
C. Prevent against impairment if one side of the brain were to get damaged
D. Allow the brain to work as two separate and distinct units, independent from one
E. another
______ 28. The ability of neurons to change in structure and function is called:
A. Differentiation B. Evolution C. Lateralization D. Neural plasticity
______ 29. The nervous, endocrine and immune systems:
A. Operate independently from one another
B. Are "static" systems that are unable to adapt to new input
C. Influence one another and form a communication network
D. Operate in a "domino effect," with the nervous system triggering the first activity
Chapter 6 True/False Questions
______ 1. Some of the basic characteristics of consciousness are that it is subjective, private, and dynamic.
______ 2. Automatic processing involves the voluntary use of attention and conscious effort.
______ 3. Free-running circadian rhythms are typically a little shorter than 24 hours.
______ 4. Both jet lag and seasonal affective disorder can be treated by controlled exposure to light.
______ 5. During REM sleep, your body is typically less physiologically aroused than during wakefulness.
______ 6. REM sleep decreases consistently across the lifespan from infancy to late adulthood.
______ 7. Research has shown that when people are awoken during NREM sleep, they report experiencing a dream between 15 and 50% of the time.
______ 8. According to the text, research has found that people who use marijuana are more likely to start using other, more dangerous drugs.
Chapter 6 Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer for each question. Write answers on the answer sheet provided Choose only one answer per question.
______ 9. In Freud's levels-of-consciousness model, the preconscious and the unconscious are similar in that they both:
A. Are examples of automatic processing
B. Contain information that people are currently aware of
C. Are equivalent to the modern-day notion of the cognitive unconscious
D. Contain information that people are currently unaware of
______ 10. Which of the following is most representative of the cognitive perspective on the unconscious?
A. Our unconscious mind is driven by instinctive urges
B. Our preconscious mind is driven by repressed conflicts
C. Our conscious and unconscious mental lives are complementary forms of information processing
D. There is a "hidden observer" who is aware of everything that happens
______ 11. When a person is learning how to type, their behavior usually involves __________ processing, but someone who can type quickly, efficiently, and accurately is probably utilizing more ____________ processing.
A. Automatic; controlled
B. Controlled; automatic
C. Automatic; effortful
D. Effortful; controlled
______ 12. The hormone melatonin has the strongest association with which of the following?
A. The cerebellum
B. The reticular activation system
C. The basal forebrain
D. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
______ 13. Beta waves are to theta waves as:
A. Awake is to asleep
B. Light sleep is to deep sleep
C. Deep sleep is to REM sleep
D. REM sleep is to awake
______ 14. When asleep, a person is spending approximately half of his sleep time in REM sleep. This person most likely:
A. Is an elderly person
B. Has a melatonin deficiency
C. Has a damaged reticular formation
D. Is an infant
______ 15. Studies have observed that the sleep patterns of identical twins are more similar than the sleep patterns of fraternal twins are. This suggests that ____________ factors may play a role in accounting for differences in how much people sleep.
A. Cultural B. Genetic C. Environmental D. Psychological
______ 16. The treatment for insomnia called stimulus control involves limiting the activities that occur in bed to just sleeping. This treatment is most likely based on which of the following perspectives?
A. The biological perspective
B. The cognitive perspective
C. The behavioral perspective
D. The psychodynamic perspective
______ 17. Nightmares and night terrors are similar in that they both:
A. Usually occur during REM sleep
B. Involve intense negative emotions
C. Result from the failure of normal REM sleep paralysis
D. Usually also involve sleepwalking
______ 18. Opiates such as morphine and codeine both contain molecules that are similar to endorphins, the body's natural painkillers. Opiates like these bind to receptor sites that are keyed to endorphins and trigger similar pain-reducing responses. Given these characteristics, both morphine and codeine would be classified as:
A. Antagonists B. Hallucinogens C. Antigens D. Agonists
______ 19. The active ingredient in the marijuana plant is:
A. THC B. Opium C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D. Cannabinoids
______ 20. The most widely used illegal drug in the United States is:
A. Alcohol B. Marijuana C. LSD D. Heroin
______ 21. Drugs such as Angel Dust and Ecstasy are called _______________. They usually function to distort or intensify sensory experience and can blur the boundary between reality and fantasy.
A. Depressants B. Hallucinogens C. Opiates D. Stimulants
______ 22. The two primary effects of drugs called ____________ are to reduce pain and to induce euphoria.
A. Stimulants B. Endorphins C. Opiates D. Hallucinogens
______ 23. Antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia act by binding with and blocking dopamine receptor sites, thus reducing the effects of abnormally high levels of this neurotransmitter. This means that these medications would be classified as:
A. Antigens B. Agonists C. Antagonists D. Stimulants