Chapter 4 Study Guide

1. Name and describe the functions of the three main parts of the neuron.
2. How do glial cells differ from neurons? What functions do they have in the nervous system?
3. Describe the 3 basic steps of nerve activation. What is an action potential? Resting potential? Absolute refractory period? All or none law?
4. What is the nature and importance of the myelin sheath? Which disorder results from inadequate myelinization?
5. What are neurotransmitters? How do they work? Describe the roles of acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins in psychological functions.
6. Describe the difference between drugs that are agonists and those that are antagonists.
7. What are the three major types of neurons in the nervous system? What are their functions?
8. Differentiate between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
9. Describe the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, as well as their roles in maintaining homeostasis.
10. Describe four methods used to study brain–behavior relations.How are CAT scans, PET scans, MRIs, and functional MRIs conducted, and how is each used in brain research?
11. Explain the functions of the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum. Describe the roles played by the ascending and descending reticular formation.
12. Describe the structural characteristics of the thalamus and the hypothalamus. Discuss the role of the hippocampus and amygdala in psychological function.
13. Describe the location and function of the four lobes of the brain. Explain how the Wernicke’s and Broca areas are involved in speech. Describe the role of the frontal cortex in higher mental functions.
14. Describe current research on the role of frontal lobe functioning and violence.
15. Define hemispheric lateralization and discuss what functions are located in the left versus right hemispheres.
16. Contrast the function of the endocrine system with the nervous system.